Indo-Myanmar Border Trade at Moreh-Namphalong and Beyond
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1956/jge.v14i2.488Keywords:
Border, Trade, Moreh, Namphalong, Indo-MyanmarAbstract
Moreh-Namphalong has an immense prospective for international trade and commerce through Indo-Myanmar border. The paper examines the nature of border trade (BT) practices and prospective by linking Moreh market with the counterpart Namphalong market and establishes that BT is immensely linked with the third economies like China which actually supply goods. Moreh BT accounts to four per cent of the total India-Myanmar trade. It is affected by the bandh and strikes, insurgency, unstable currency exchange rate and smuggling that led to an economic lost for traders and economy at large. India experiences a border trade deficit as the potential export items are not produced in the proximity of Moreh. BT at Moreh-Namphalong has benefited the local border people in terms of employment, infrastructural development and also improves trade and other relationship between India and Myanmar. Myanmar is critical for India not only for BT partner but also for India’s Act East Policy for developing strategic and economic relations with East and South East Asian countries.
References
Alam, M. B. (2012). Basic determinants of India’s foreign policy. In R. Basu (Ed), International politics: concepts, theories and issues. (pp. 425-488). Delhi: Sage Publication.
ANI. (2016, January 11). Myanmar reluctant for trade across Moreh border due to security concerns. Times of India.
Baruah, A. (2001). The roads to Myanmar. Frontline, 18(5).
Burmalibrary. (1997). Moreh traders hard hit by extortion menace. Retrieved from http://www.burmalibrary.org/reg.burma/archives/199711/msg00089.html (accessed 17 October 2016).
Census of India. (1991 onwards). Registrar general of India, Delhi: GoI.
Das, R. U. (2016). Enhancing India-Myanmar border trade: policy and implementation measures. Delhi: DOC, GoI.
DCI. (2013). Indo Myanmar border trade. Imphal: GoM. Retrieved from http://dcimanipur.gov.in/border_trade.html (accessed 10 June 2013).
DGFT. (2012). Indo–Myanmar border trade. Delhi: Ministry of Commerce and Industry, GoI. Retrieved from http://dgft.gov.in/Exim/2000/PN/PN12/pn3012.htm (accessed 12 May 2013).
DOC. (2006a). Border trade with China through Nathula, Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://commerce.nic.in/pressrelease/pressrelease_detail.asp?id=10 (accessed 5 May 2013).
DOC. (2006b). India, Myanmar to expand and diversify bilateral trade. Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://commerce.nic.in/pressrelease/pressrelease_detail.asp?id=99 (accessed 5 May 2013).
DOC. (2008). India signs four economic agreements with Myanmar. Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://commerce.nic.in/pressrelease/pressrelease_detail.asp?id=2278 (accessed 7 May 2013).
DOC. (2017). Export and import data bank. Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://commerce.nic.in/eidb/default.asp (accessed 10 June 2017).
Egreteau, R. (2010). India’s unquenched ambitions in Burma. In L. Dittmer (Ed), Burma or Myanmar? the struggle for national identity. (pp. 295-326). Singapore: World Scientific.
ESM. (2009). Directorate of economics and statistics. Imphal: GoM.
https://www.riluk.com/ (2017). Kiren Rijiju laid foundation for integrated check post of Meghalaya. Retrieved from https://www.riluk.com/kiren-rijiju-laid-foundation-integrated-check-post-meghalaya/ (accessed 20 March 2017).
Htun, K. W., Lwin, N.N., Naing, T. H. and Tun, K. (2011). ASEAN-India connectivity: a Myanmar perspective. In F. Kimura and S. Umezaki (Eds), ASEAN-India connectivity: the comprehensive Asia development plan, phase II. ERIA Research Project Report 2010-7. (pp. 151-203). Jakarta: ERIA.
IFP. (2013, May 16). 15 days judicial remand for RK Binodjit. Imphal Free Press.
Kalita, P. (2013, February 28). Moreh mini Columbia: army officer. Times of India.
Kimura, F., Kudo, T. and Umezaki, S. (2011). ASEAN-India connectivity: a regional framework and key infrastructure projects. In F. Kimura and S. Umezaki (Eds), ASEAN-India connectivity: the comprehensive Asia development plan, phase II. ERIA Research Project Report 2010-7. (pp. 1-56). Jakarta: ERIA.
Kurlantzick, J. (2002). Can Burma reform?. Foreign Affairs, 81(6), 133-146.
Lokendra, N.S. (2004). Reopening of the Stilwell road: experiences from Moreh. In D. Nath (Ed), Reopening of the Stilwell road: prospects and problems. (pp. 133-140). Delhi: Anamika Publishers.
MDONER. (2011). Look east policy and the north eastern states. Delhi: MDONER, GoI.
MDONER. (2017a). Look east policy vis-á-vis NER: border trade. Delhi: MDONER, GoI. Retrieved from http://www.mdoner.gov.in/content/border-trade#b (accessed 20 May 2017).
MDONER. (2017b). Look east policy vis-á-vis NER: integrated check posts. Delhi: MDONER, GoI. Retrieved from http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1483 (accessed 20 May 2017).
MEA. (2013). India – Myanmar relations. Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Myanmar_Bilateral_brief_for_website.pdf (accessed 5 May 2013).
MHA. (2009). Visit of inter ministerial team to Moreh (Manipur) and Zokhawthar (Mizoram). NE Newsletter. Delhi: MHA.
Mitra, N. (2017). India-Myanmar border trade hit by Manipur blockade. Times of India.
MOC. (2017). Border trade data. Nay Pyi Taw: The Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Retrieved from http://www.commerce.gov.mm/en/dobt/border-trade-data (accessed 4 February 2017).
Myint, S. (2003). Burma file: a question of democracy. Delhi: India Research Press.
Nag, D. (2010). Local dynamics, universal context: border trading through Moreh, Manipur. Policies and Practices 31. Calcutta: Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group. 31, 1-19. Retrieved from http://www.mcrg.ac.in/PP31.pdf (accessed 30 April 2017).
PTI. (2002, May 9). NSCN(I-M) demand hits Manipur border trade. Times of India.
PTI. (2006, January 9). Indo-Myanmar border sealed after bomb blast. Times of India.
PTI. (2012, November 2). Imphal to Moreh road being shortened. The Statesman.
RIS. (2011). Expansion of north east India’s trade and investment with Bangladesh and Myanmar: an assessment of the opportunities and constraints. RIS, MDONER and NEC. Retrieved from http://www.mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo4_content/REPORT%20STUDIES%20ON%20THE%20NORTH%20EASTERN%20REGION/RIS_Border_Trade_Report_%20final.pdf (accessed 8 May 2013).
Roy, M. (2010). India and her sub-continent neighbours: new pattern of relationships. Delhi: Deep and Deep Publication.
Singh, J.N. (2004). Indo-Myanmar border trade agreement: a case study of Moreh. In D. Nath (Ed), Reopening of the Stilwell road: prospects and problems. (pp. 123-131). Delhi: Anamika Publishers.
TNN. (2011, July 22). Bandh against Tamil leader’s arrest cripples Moreh town. Times of India.
TNN. (2013, January 16). Moreh bandh affects India-Myanmar commercial activities. Times of India.
ANI. (2016, January 11). Myanmar reluctant for trade across Moreh border due to security concerns. Times of India.
Baruah, A. (2001). The roads to Myanmar. Frontline, 18(5).
Burmalibrary. (1997). Moreh traders hard hit by extortion menace. Retrieved from http://www.burmalibrary.org/reg.burma/archives/199711/msg00089.html (accessed 17 October 2016).
Census of India. (1991 onwards). Registrar general of India, Delhi: GoI.
Das, R. U. (2016). Enhancing India-Myanmar border trade: policy and implementation measures. Delhi: DOC, GoI.
DCI. (2013). Indo Myanmar border trade. Imphal: GoM. Retrieved from http://dcimanipur.gov.in/border_trade.html (accessed 10 June 2013).
DGFT. (2012). Indo–Myanmar border trade. Delhi: Ministry of Commerce and Industry, GoI. Retrieved from http://dgft.gov.in/Exim/2000/PN/PN12/pn3012.htm (accessed 12 May 2013).
DOC. (2006a). Border trade with China through Nathula, Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://commerce.nic.in/pressrelease/pressrelease_detail.asp?id=10 (accessed 5 May 2013).
DOC. (2006b). India, Myanmar to expand and diversify bilateral trade. Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://commerce.nic.in/pressrelease/pressrelease_detail.asp?id=99 (accessed 5 May 2013).
DOC. (2008). India signs four economic agreements with Myanmar. Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://commerce.nic.in/pressrelease/pressrelease_detail.asp?id=2278 (accessed 7 May 2013).
DOC. (2017). Export and import data bank. Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://commerce.nic.in/eidb/default.asp (accessed 10 June 2017).
Egreteau, R. (2010). India’s unquenched ambitions in Burma. In L. Dittmer (Ed), Burma or Myanmar? the struggle for national identity. (pp. 295-326). Singapore: World Scientific.
ESM. (2009). Directorate of economics and statistics. Imphal: GoM.
https://www.riluk.com/ (2017). Kiren Rijiju laid foundation for integrated check post of Meghalaya. Retrieved from https://www.riluk.com/kiren-rijiju-laid-foundation-integrated-check-post-meghalaya/ (accessed 20 March 2017).
Htun, K. W., Lwin, N.N., Naing, T. H. and Tun, K. (2011). ASEAN-India connectivity: a Myanmar perspective. In F. Kimura and S. Umezaki (Eds), ASEAN-India connectivity: the comprehensive Asia development plan, phase II. ERIA Research Project Report 2010-7. (pp. 151-203). Jakarta: ERIA.
IFP. (2013, May 16). 15 days judicial remand for RK Binodjit. Imphal Free Press.
Kalita, P. (2013, February 28). Moreh mini Columbia: army officer. Times of India.
Kimura, F., Kudo, T. and Umezaki, S. (2011). ASEAN-India connectivity: a regional framework and key infrastructure projects. In F. Kimura and S. Umezaki (Eds), ASEAN-India connectivity: the comprehensive Asia development plan, phase II. ERIA Research Project Report 2010-7. (pp. 1-56). Jakarta: ERIA.
Kurlantzick, J. (2002). Can Burma reform?. Foreign Affairs, 81(6), 133-146.
Lokendra, N.S. (2004). Reopening of the Stilwell road: experiences from Moreh. In D. Nath (Ed), Reopening of the Stilwell road: prospects and problems. (pp. 133-140). Delhi: Anamika Publishers.
MDONER. (2011). Look east policy and the north eastern states. Delhi: MDONER, GoI.
MDONER. (2017a). Look east policy vis-á-vis NER: border trade. Delhi: MDONER, GoI. Retrieved from http://www.mdoner.gov.in/content/border-trade#b (accessed 20 May 2017).
MDONER. (2017b). Look east policy vis-á-vis NER: integrated check posts. Delhi: MDONER, GoI. Retrieved from http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1483 (accessed 20 May 2017).
MEA. (2013). India – Myanmar relations. Delhi: GoI. Retrieved from http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Myanmar_Bilateral_brief_for_website.pdf (accessed 5 May 2013).
MHA. (2009). Visit of inter ministerial team to Moreh (Manipur) and Zokhawthar (Mizoram). NE Newsletter. Delhi: MHA.
Mitra, N. (2017). India-Myanmar border trade hit by Manipur blockade. Times of India.
MOC. (2017). Border trade data. Nay Pyi Taw: The Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Retrieved from http://www.commerce.gov.mm/en/dobt/border-trade-data (accessed 4 February 2017).
Myint, S. (2003). Burma file: a question of democracy. Delhi: India Research Press.
Nag, D. (2010). Local dynamics, universal context: border trading through Moreh, Manipur. Policies and Practices 31. Calcutta: Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group. 31, 1-19. Retrieved from http://www.mcrg.ac.in/PP31.pdf (accessed 30 April 2017).
PTI. (2002, May 9). NSCN(I-M) demand hits Manipur border trade. Times of India.
PTI. (2006, January 9). Indo-Myanmar border sealed after bomb blast. Times of India.
PTI. (2012, November 2). Imphal to Moreh road being shortened. The Statesman.
RIS. (2011). Expansion of north east India’s trade and investment with Bangladesh and Myanmar: an assessment of the opportunities and constraints. RIS, MDONER and NEC. Retrieved from http://www.mdoner.gov.in/sites/default/files/silo4_content/REPORT%20STUDIES%20ON%20THE%20NORTH%20EASTERN%20REGION/RIS_Border_Trade_Report_%20final.pdf (accessed 8 May 2013).
Roy, M. (2010). India and her sub-continent neighbours: new pattern of relationships. Delhi: Deep and Deep Publication.
Singh, J.N. (2004). Indo-Myanmar border trade agreement: a case study of Moreh. In D. Nath (Ed), Reopening of the Stilwell road: prospects and problems. (pp. 123-131). Delhi: Anamika Publishers.
TNN. (2011, July 22). Bandh against Tamil leader’s arrest cripples Moreh town. Times of India.
TNN. (2013, January 16). Moreh bandh affects India-Myanmar commercial activities. Times of India.
Downloads
Published
08.11.2018
How to Cite
Marchang, R. (2018) “Indo-Myanmar Border Trade at Moreh-Namphalong and Beyond”, Journal of Global Economy, 14(2), pp. 120–136. doi: 10.1956/jge.v14i2.488.
Issue
Section
Articles
