Are large urban areas sustainability champions?: A Double Delinking Analysis of Environmental Performance of Global Cities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1956/jge.v15i4.594Keywords:
Environment, Sustainability, Data Envelopment Analysis, Global Power City Index, Kuznets curve, environmental externalities, resource useAbstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between both city size and welfare or prosperity on the one hand, and environmental-climatological outcomes on the other hand. This will be done by examining this intriguing relationship for a sample of 40 large cities in our world (with different size categories and located in countries with different welfare levels). Based on detailed statistical data on a multiplicity of relevant characteristics of these cities (stemming from the GPCI metropolitan data base of the Mori Memorial Foundation (2016)), we have used a super-efficient Data Envelopment Analysis (SE- DEA) to analyse the relative economic-environmental efficiency outcomes of distinct classes of global cities, so as to test the above mentioned double proposition, coined here double delinking or the double Kuznets curve phenomenon.
References
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Bruyn, S. de (1999), Economic Growth and the Environment, Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam.
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Campbell, S. (1996), Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities?, Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(3), 296- 312.
Capello, R., Nijkamp, P., and Pepping, G. (1999), Sustainable Cities and Energy Policies, Springer, Berlin.
Capello, R. (2000), The City Network Paradigm: Measuring Urban Network Externalities, Urban Studies, 37 (11), 1925-1945.
Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., and Rhodes, E. (1978) Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units, European Journal of Operational Research, 2: 429-444.
Cheshire, P.C., Nathan, M. and Overman, H.G. (2014), Urban Economics and Urban Policy: Challenging Conventional Policy Wisdom. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
Choumert, J., Motel, P.C., Dakpo, H.K. (2013), Is the Environmental Kuznets Curve for Deforestation a Threatened Theory? A Meta-Analysis of the Literature, Ecological Economics, 90, 19-28.
Clark, C. (1958), Transport-Maker and Breaker of Cities, Town Planning Review, 28(4), 237-250.
Coase, R.H. (1960), The Problem of Social Cost, Journal of Law and Economics, 3, 1-44.
Dijkstra, L., Garcilazo, E., and McCann, P. (2013), The Economic Performance of European Cities and City Regions: Myths and Realities. European Planning Studies, 21(3), 334-354.
Dinda, S. (2004), Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey, Ecological Economics, 49 (4), 431-455.
Dyson, R. G., Allen, R., Camanho, A. S., Podinovski, V. V., Sarrico, C. S. and Shale, E. A. (2001) Pitfalls and Protocols in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 132(2): 245-259.
European Union (2011), Cities of Tomorrow, Challenges, Visions, Ways Forward, European Commission, Directorate General for Regional Policy, Brussels, October: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/citiesoftomorrow/citiesoftomorrow_final. pdf.
Fankhauser, S., Smith, J.B. and Tol, R.S.J. (1999), Weathering Climate Change: Some Simple Rules to Guide Adaptation Decisions, Ecological Economics, 30 (1), 67-78.
Frick, S.A. and Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2016), Average City Size and Economic Growth, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 9 (2). 301-318.
Fujita, M. and J.-F. Thisse. (2002), Economics of Agglomeration. Cities, Industrial Location and Regional Growth.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Georgescu-Roegen, N. (1971), The Entropy Law and the Economic Process, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Gordon, P., and Richardson, H.W. (1997), Are Compact Cities a Desirable Planning Goal?, Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1), 95-106.
Graves, Ph.E. (2014), Environmental Economics, CRC Press, London.
Grossman, G.M., and Krueger, A.B. (1995), Economic Growth and the Environment, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 353-378.
He, J. and Wang, H. (2012), Economic Structure, Development Policy and Environmental Quality: An Empirical Analysis of Environmental Kuznets Curves with Chinese Municipal Data, Ecological Economics,76, 49-59.
Hoyler, M., Parnreiter, C. and Watson, A. (eds) (2018), Global City Makers: Economic Actors and Practices in the World City Network, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
Ingold, K. and Balsiger, J. (2015), Sustainability Principles put into Practice: Case Studies of Network Analysis in Swiss Climate Change Adaptation, Regional Environmental Change, 15 (3), 529–538.
Isard, W. (1972), Ecologic-Economic Analysis for Regional Development. Free Press, New York.
J?nicke, M. Monch, H., Ranneberg, T., and Simonis, U.E. (1989), Economic Structure and Environmental Impacts, The Environmentalist, 9, 171-182.
Khan, M. A. (1995) Sustainable Development: the Key Concepts, Issues and Implications', Sustainable Development 3, 63- 69.
Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P., Suzuki, S.(2013) The Rat Race between World Cities: In Search of Exceptional Places by means of Super-Efficient Data Development Analysis, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 38:67–77.
Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P., and Stough, R. (eds.). (2015), The Rise of the City, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
Kuznets, S. (1955), Economic Growth and Income Inequality, American Economic Review, 49, 1-28.
Kythreotis, A., and Bristow, G.I. (2017), The ‘Resilience Trap’: Exploring the Practical Utility of Resilience for Climate Change Adaption in UK City-Regions, Regional Studies, 51(10), 1530-1541.
Leeuwen, E. S. van, Nijkamp, P., and Rietveld, P. (2011). Climate Change: From Global Concern to Regional Challenge, VU Research Memorandum, No. 2011-18), Amsterdam FEWEB VU University.
Larson, E.D., Ross, M.H., and Williams, R.H. (1986), Beyond the Era of Materials, Scientific American, 254, 34-41.
Lichfield, N. (1971), Evaluation Methodology and Urban and Regional Plans, Regional Studies, 4(2), 151-165.
Liu, L. (2012), Environmental Poverty, a Decomposed Environmental Kuznets Curve, and Alternatives: Sustainability Lessons from China, Ecological Economics, 73, 86-92.
Mazmanian, D. A., and Blanco, H. (eds) (2014),.Elgar Companion to Sustainable Cities: Strategies, Methods and Outlook, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
Meadows, D.H., Meadows, D.L., Randers, J.L., and Behrens, W. (1972), The Limits to Growth, Earth Island, London. Mishan, E.J. (1967), The Costs of Economic Growth, Staples Press, London.
Meijers, E., Burger, M. and Hoogerbrugge, M. (2016), Borrowing Size in Networks of Cities: City Size, Network Connectivity and Metropolitan Functions in Europe. Papers in Regional Science, 95, 181–198.
Mori Memorial Foundation. (2016). Global Power City Index 2015. Tokyo, Japan: Institute for Urban Strategies, The Mori Memorial Foundation.
Neumayer, E. (1998), Is Economic Growth the Environment's Best Friend?, Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 2/98, 161–76.
Nijkamp, P. (1977), Theory and Application of Environmental Economics, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Nijkamp, P. (2002), Environment and Regional Economics, Handbook of Environmental and Resource Economics (J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, ed.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 525-538.
Panayotou, T. (1993), Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Stages of Economic Development, Working Paper, International Labour Office, Geneva.
Perrings, C. (2001), Resilience and Sustainability, Frontiers of Environmental Economics (H. Folmer, H. L. Gabel, S. Gerking, and A. Rose (eds.)), 319-341.
Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., Hammer, W.W., and Mehrotra, S. (2010), Cities Lead the Way in Climate-Change Action, Nature, 467, 909-911.
Satterthwaite, D. (1997), Sustainable Cities or Cities that Contribute to Sustainable Developments?, Urban Studies, 34(10), 1667-1691.
Schnurr, M.A. and Swatuk, L.A. (2012), Towards Critical Environmental Security. Natural Resources and Social Conflict. Towards Critical Environmental Security (M.A. Schnurr and L.A. Swatuk eds,), London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1-14.
Shafik, N., and Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992), Economic Growth and Environmental Quality, Working Paper WPS 904, The World Bank, Washington DC.
Short, J.R. (ed.) (2017), A Research Agenda for Cities, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
Smith, A. (1790), Theory of Moral Sentiments, Sixth Edition, A. Millar, London.
Stern, D.I. (2004), The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, World Development, 32 (8), 1419-1439.
Stoett, P. (2012), What are we Really Looking for? From Eco-Violence to Environmental Injustice. Natural Resources and Social Conflict. Towards Critical Environmental Security (M.A. Schnurr and L.A. Swatuk eds,), London: Palgrave Macmillan, 15-32.
Suzuki, S., Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P., (2017) The Robustness of Performance Rankings of Asia-Pacific Super Cities, Asia- Pacific Journal of Regional Science, 1(1), 219–242.
Suzuki, S., Nijkamp, P. (2017), Regional Performance Measurement and Improvement; New Application of Data Envelopment Analysis, Springer Science+Business Media, Singapore.
Taylor, P. J., and Derudder, B. (2016), World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis. Routledge, New York. Toman, M.A. (1994), Economics and Sustainabililty, Land Economics, 70(4), 399-413.
Van Den Bergh, J.C. (2001), Ecological Economics: Themes, Approaches, and Differences with Environmental Economics, Regional Environmental Change, 2 (1), 13–23.
Wackernagel, M., and Rees, W.E. (1996), Our Ecological Footprint, New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island.
Williams, R.H. (1983), Land Use Planning, Pollution Control and Environmental Assessment in the E.C. Environment Policy, Policy and Politics, 26(2), 54-59.
World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Report) (1987), Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Worthington, A., and Dollery, B., (2000) Efficiency Measurement in the Local Public Sector: Econometric and Mathematical Programming Frontier Techniques, School of Economics and Finance Discussion Papers and Working Papers Series from School of Economics and Finance, No. 78, Queensland University of Technology.
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Published
29.12.2019
How to Cite
SINGH, S. (2019) “Are large urban areas sustainability champions?: A Double Delinking Analysis of Environmental Performance of Global Cities”, Journal of Global Economy, 15(4), pp. 205–223. doi: 10.1956/jge.v15i4.594.
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