Young Sex Workers and their Health Hazards in Old Age: A Study in Mumbai-Karnataka region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1956/jge.v12i2.423Keywords:
female sex workers, social exclusion, health hazardsAbstract
This paper is the outcome of an empirical study conducted as part of major research project supported by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. The aim of the paper is to explore the health complications developed by female elderly sex workers aged 45 years and above who entered the profession between the age group of 13 to 35 years. They are a section of women, weakest among the weaker sections for being women, vulnerable, stigmatised, marginalised, excluded and resource poor. The paper suggests measures to ameliorate the conditions of female elderly commercial sex workers with reference to their health needs.
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Somayajulu, V.V., (2004). Sexual Behaviour and HIV/AIDS Related implications. Indian Journal of Social Work, Vol. 65, No.5.
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Ward, H., Day, S., and Weber, J., (1999). Risky business: Health and safety in the sex industry over a 9 year period. Sexually Transmitted Infections, Vol.75 No.5, pp.340-343.
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WHO, (1994). HIV/AIDS in Southeast Asia, IX Meeting of the National Programme Managers, 1st Ed. New Delhi: WHO Regional office of S E Asia.
William Rachna, (2006). Reproductive Health Practices and Health Seeking Behaviour of Female Sex Workers in Tamil Nadu. Working Paper Series, No. 12.
Winefield, Dollard, M. and Winefield, H., (2003). Occupational Stress in the Service Professions. London: Taylor and Francis.
Wolffers, I. and Van Beelen, N., (2003.) Public health and the human rights of sex workers, 1st ed. London: Lancet.
Wong, W., Holroyd, E., Gray, A., and Ling, D., (2006). Female street sex workers in Hong Kong: Moving beyond sexual health. Journal of Women’s Health, Vol.15 No.4, pp.390- 399.
Farley, M., and Barkan, H., (1998). Prostitution, violence, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Women and Health, Vol.27 No.3, pp.37-49.
Farrimond, H. and Joffe, H., (2006). Pollution, Peril and Poverty: A British study of the stigmatisation of smokers. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, Vol.16 No.6, pp.481-491.
Jayashree, R. and Parvathy, K., (2004). Sexual Behaviour of Commercial Sex Workers and Risk in Reproductive Health. Indian Journal of Social Work, Vol. 65, No.4.
Jones W. Gavin, (1995). Prostitution in Indonesia. Inter Press SVC.
Lynda, M. Baker, Patricia and Deena L. Policicchio, (2002). General health problems of inter-city sex workers: A pilot study. Project report by the Department of Sociology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania.
Mai Chiang, (1994). Cambodia Country Report by The Cambodian Women’s Development Association. Presented at the International Workshop on Traffic and Migration of Women, Thailand.
Morton, A., Tabrizi, S., Garland, S., and Lee, P., (2002). Will the legalization of street sex work improve health?. Sexually Transmitted Infections, Vol.78 No.4, pp.309.
Peterson, (1990). The Category “Prostitute†in scientific inquiry. Journal of sex research, Vol.279 No.3, pp.397-407.
Phoenix, A. and Pattynama, P., (2006). Intersectionality. European Journal of Women’s Studies, Vol.13 No.3, pp.187-192.
Raluca Buzdugan, Andrew Copas, Stephen Moses, James Blanchard, Shajy Isac, Banadakoppa M Ramesh, Reynold Washington, Shiva S Halli and Frances M. Cowan, (2009). Devising a female sex work typology using data from Karnataka, India, [Online] Available at: <http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/2/439> (Accessed on 14 May 2013).
Rekart, M., (2005). Sex-work harm reduction. The Lancet, 366, pp.2123-2134.
Scarlet Alliance and Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations, (2000). A guide to best practice. Occupational health and safety in the Australian sex industry, Sydney: Scarlet Alliance and Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations.
Singh Ram Shankar, (2009). Encyclopedia of Women and Children Trafficking. New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Somayajulu, V.V., (2004). Sexual Behaviour and HIV/AIDS Related implications. Indian Journal of Social Work, Vol. 65, No.5.
UNDCP, (2002). Women and Drug Abuse: The Problem in India. [ONLINE] Available at: <http://www.unodc.org/documents/hiv- aids/publications/drugs_abuse_problem_ web. pdf> [Accessed on 28 Feb 2013].
Ward, H., Day, S., and Weber, J., (1999). Risky business: Health and safety in the sex industry over a 9 year period. Sexually Transmitted Infections, Vol.75 No.5, pp.340-343.
WHO, (2016). http://www.who.int/hdp/en/ last accessed on 6th January, 2016.
WHO, (1994). HIV/AIDS in Southeast Asia, IX Meeting of the National Programme Managers, 1st Ed. New Delhi: WHO Regional office of S E Asia.
William Rachna, (2006). Reproductive Health Practices and Health Seeking Behaviour of Female Sex Workers in Tamil Nadu. Working Paper Series, No. 12.
Winefield, Dollard, M. and Winefield, H., (2003). Occupational Stress in the Service Professions. London: Taylor and Francis.
Wolffers, I. and Van Beelen, N., (2003.) Public health and the human rights of sex workers, 1st ed. London: Lancet.
Wong, W., Holroyd, E., Gray, A., and Ling, D., (2006). Female street sex workers in Hong Kong: Moving beyond sexual health. Journal of Women’s Health, Vol.15 No.4, pp.390- 399.
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Published
25.06.2016
How to Cite
Sonar, G. B. (2016) “Young Sex Workers and their Health Hazards in Old Age: A Study in Mumbai-Karnataka region”, Journal of Global Economy, 12(2), pp. 137–146. doi: 10.1956/jge.v12i2.423.
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