ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE URBAN INFORMAL SECTOR IN NAGALAND
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1956/jge.v12i1.404Keywords:
Entrepreneurship, Informal Sector, Necessity entrepreneur, NagalandAbstract
This paper evaluates the nature of entrepreneurship in the informal sector of Nagaland. With the growing literature on the importance of informal activity in developing economies around the world, it becomes imperative to determine the traits of the entrepreneurs entering this sector. The study looks into the socio-economic profile of the entrepreneurs, skill acquisition, determinants of their earnings, constraints faced while starting their units and their future prospects. The nature of entrepreneurship in our study corresponds to the view of structuralist perspective theoryReferences
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(1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921.
Cowling, M., and Bygrave. (2002). Entrepreneurship and unemployment: Relationships between unemployment and entrepreneurship in 37 nations participating in the global entrepreneurship monitor. GEM, Consortium Working.
Retrieved from: www.babson.edu/entrep/fer/babson2003/xxii/xxii-p1/xxiip1.html.
Charmes, J. (2009). Concepts, measurement and trends. In P. Jutting & J. R. de Laiglesia (Eds.) Is informal normal? Towards more and better jobs in developing countries. An OECD Development Centre Perspective.
De Soto, H. (1989). The other path: The invisible revolution in the third world.
Harper & Row
De Soto, H. (2001). The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. London: Black Swan
Gerry, C. (1974). Petty producers and the urban economy: A case study of Dakar, World Employment Programme, Research Working Paper, 8, Geneva, ILO.
Harris, J.R, Todaro, M.P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: A two-sector analysis. American Economic Review, 60,126-42.
Henrekson. M. (2007). Entrepreneurship and institutions (IFN Working Paper No. 707). Retrieved from Research Institute of Industrial Economics website: www.ifn.se/Wfiles/wp/wp707.pfd
ILO (1972). Employment, incomes and equality: A strategy for increasing productive employment in Kenya. Geneva.
Istrate C. E. (2007). Entrepreneurs versus survivalists in the urban informal economy: An approach based on firm size. Paper prepared for the Entrepreneurship, Institutions and policies: The ratio colloquium for young social scientists, Stockholm.
Kirzner, I. M. (1973). Competition and entrepreneurship. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Lewis, W.A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. In A.N. Agarwalla & Singh. S.P. (Ed.), The Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies, 139-191.
Moser, C.O.N. (1978). Informal sector or petty commodity production dualism or dependence in urban development? World Development Report, 6(9), 1041-1064
Schumpeter, J. (1934). The theory of economic development, Cambridge, Harvard University Press
Schultz , T. W. (1975). The value of the ability to deal with disequilibria. Journal of Economic Literature, 13(3),827–46.
Stevenson, H..H., and Sahlman, W.A. (1989). The entrepreneurial process. In Burns, P. and J. Dewhurst (Ed.), Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Basingstoke, Macmillan.
Samal, K.C. (1990). Urban informal sector – An exploration of the informal sector in a small city of Orissa. Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Singh, S. (1994). Some facets of informal sector in developing countries. Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur.
Smallbone, D. and Friederike, W. (2001). The distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Small Business Economics, 16 (4), 249-262.
Synder, KA. (2004). Routes to the informal economy in New York’s East village: Crisis, economics and identity. Sociological Perspectives, 47, 215-240
Travers, A. (2002). Prospects for enterprise: An investigation into the motivations of workers in the informal economy. Evidence paper No.2. London: Community Links.
Williams, C,C. (2004). Cash-in-hand work: The underground sector and the hidden economy of favours. Environment and planning A, 39(10), 2916-2934.
Williams, CC and Nadin,S. (2010). The commonality and character of off-the-books entrepreneurship: A comparison of deprived and affluent urban neighbourhoods. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 15(3), 1-14.
(1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921.
Cowling, M., and Bygrave. (2002). Entrepreneurship and unemployment: Relationships between unemployment and entrepreneurship in 37 nations participating in the global entrepreneurship monitor. GEM, Consortium Working.
Retrieved from: www.babson.edu/entrep/fer/babson2003/xxii/xxii-p1/xxiip1.html.
Charmes, J. (2009). Concepts, measurement and trends. In P. Jutting & J. R. de Laiglesia (Eds.) Is informal normal? Towards more and better jobs in developing countries. An OECD Development Centre Perspective.
De Soto, H. (1989). The other path: The invisible revolution in the third world.
Harper & Row
De Soto, H. (2001). The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. London: Black Swan
Gerry, C. (1974). Petty producers and the urban economy: A case study of Dakar, World Employment Programme, Research Working Paper, 8, Geneva, ILO.
Harris, J.R, Todaro, M.P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: A two-sector analysis. American Economic Review, 60,126-42.
Henrekson. M. (2007). Entrepreneurship and institutions (IFN Working Paper No. 707). Retrieved from Research Institute of Industrial Economics website: www.ifn.se/Wfiles/wp/wp707.pfd
ILO (1972). Employment, incomes and equality: A strategy for increasing productive employment in Kenya. Geneva.
Istrate C. E. (2007). Entrepreneurs versus survivalists in the urban informal economy: An approach based on firm size. Paper prepared for the Entrepreneurship, Institutions and policies: The ratio colloquium for young social scientists, Stockholm.
Kirzner, I. M. (1973). Competition and entrepreneurship. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Lewis, W.A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. In A.N. Agarwalla & Singh. S.P. (Ed.), The Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies, 139-191.
Moser, C.O.N. (1978). Informal sector or petty commodity production dualism or dependence in urban development? World Development Report, 6(9), 1041-1064
Schumpeter, J. (1934). The theory of economic development, Cambridge, Harvard University Press
Schultz , T. W. (1975). The value of the ability to deal with disequilibria. Journal of Economic Literature, 13(3),827–46.
Stevenson, H..H., and Sahlman, W.A. (1989). The entrepreneurial process. In Burns, P. and J. Dewhurst (Ed.), Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Basingstoke, Macmillan.
Samal, K.C. (1990). Urban informal sector – An exploration of the informal sector in a small city of Orissa. Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Singh, S. (1994). Some facets of informal sector in developing countries. Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur.
Smallbone, D. and Friederike, W. (2001). The distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Small Business Economics, 16 (4), 249-262.
Synder, KA. (2004). Routes to the informal economy in New York’s East village: Crisis, economics and identity. Sociological Perspectives, 47, 215-240
Travers, A. (2002). Prospects for enterprise: An investigation into the motivations of workers in the informal economy. Evidence paper No.2. London: Community Links.
Williams, C,C. (2004). Cash-in-hand work: The underground sector and the hidden economy of favours. Environment and planning A, 39(10), 2916-2934.
Williams, CC and Nadin,S. (2010). The commonality and character of off-the-books entrepreneurship: A comparison of deprived and affluent urban neighbourhoods. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 15(3), 1-14.
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Published
22.03.2016
How to Cite
changkery, imlisunep (2016) “ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE URBAN INFORMAL SECTOR IN NAGALAND”, Journal of Global Economy, 12(1), pp. 66–78. doi: 10.1956/jge.v12i1.404.
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